문서 Industrial Safety and Health Management(7:ED)_0 Contents-2025-08-13 (원문)

Industrial Safety and Health Management Seventh Edition C. Ray Asfahl David W. Rieske University of Arkansas Pearson 33o Hudson Street, NY NY 10013

Senior Vice President Courseware Portfolio Management: Marcia Horton Director, Portfolio Management: Engineering, Computer Science & Global Editions: Julian Partridge Specialist, Higher Ed Portfolio Management: Holly Stark Portfolio Management Assistant: Emily Egan Managing Content Producer: Scott Disanno Content Producer: Carole Snyder Web Developer: Steve Wright Rights and Permissions Manager: Ben Ferrini Manufacturing Buyer, Higher Ed, Lake Side Communications Inc (LSC): Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Inventory Manager: Ann Lam Product Marketing Manager: Yvonne Vannatta Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Cover Designer: Black Horse Designs Full-Service Project Manager: Billu Suresh, SPi Global Composition: SPi Global Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmissio

tates of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit http://www.pearsoned .com∕permissions. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for

ublisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Library of Congress Cataioging in-Publication Data Names: Asfahl, C. Ray, 1938- author. ∣ Rieske, David W., author. Title: Industrial safety and health management ∕ C. Ray Asfahl, David W. Rieske, University of Arkansas. Description: Seventh edition. ∣ NY, NY : Pearson, [2019] ∣ Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017050947 ∣ ISBN 9780134630564 (alk. paper) ∣ ISBN 0134630564 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Industrial safety. ∣ Industrial hygiene. Classification: LCC T55 .A83 2019 ∣ DDC 658.4∕08--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017050947 Pearson ISBN-13: 978-0-13-463056-4 ISBN-10: 0-13-463056-4 17 2024

Contents Preface ix CHAPTER 1 The Safety and Health Manager 1 A Reasonable Objective 2 Safety versus Health 4 Role in the Corporate Structure 5 Resources at Hand 6 Summary 12 Exercises and Study Questions 12 Research Exercises

1 The Safety and Health Manager 1 A Reasonable Objective 2 Safety versus Health 4 Role in the Corporate Structure 5 Resources at Hand 6 Summary 12 Exercises and Study Questions 12 Research Exercises 13 CHAPTER 2 Development of the Safety and Health Function 15 Workers’ Compensation 16 Recordkeeping 21 Accident Cause Analysis 35 Organization of Committees 36 Safety and Health Economics 37 Training 41 Job Placement Testing 43 The Smoke-Free Workplace 44 Bloodborne Pathogens 45 Workplace Violence 47 Summary 48 Exercises and Study Questions 49 Research Exercises 53 CHAPTER Z Concepts of Hazard Avoidance 54 The Enforcement Approach 55 The Psychological Approach 57 The Engineering Approach 59 The Analytical Approach 67 Hazard-Classification Scale 76 Summary 82 Exercises and Study Questions 83 Research Exercises 86 Standards Research Questions 87 iii

iv Contents CHAPTER 4 Impact of Federal Regulation 88 Standards 88 NIOSH 93 Enforcement 94 Public Uproar IOO Role of the States 102 Political Trends 104 Immigrant Workers 111 Summary 111 Exercises and Study Questions 112 Research Exercises 113 Standards Research Questions 114 CHAPTER 5 Information Systems 115 Hazard Communication 116 Inter

Trends 104 Immigrant Workers 111 Summary 111 Exercises and Study Questions 112 Research Exercises 113 Standards Research Questions 114 CHAPTER 5 Information Systems 115 Hazard Communication 116 International Standards 123 Environmental Protection Agency 123 Department of Homeland Security 128 Computer Information Systems 129 Summary 131 Exercises and Study Questions 131 Research Exercises 132 Standards Research Questions 133 CHAPTER 6 Process Safety and Disaster Preparedness 134 Process Information 135 Process Analysis 139 Operating Procedures 140 Training 141 Contractor Personnel 142 Acts of Terrorism 142 Workplace Security 145 Active Shooter Incidents 146 Summary 146 Exercises and Study Questions 147 Research Exercises 148 Standards Research Questions 148 CHAPTER 7 Buildings and Facilities 150 Walking and Working Surfaces 151 Exits 162 Illumination 164 Miscellaneous Facilities 165 Sanitation 169 Summary 169

Contents v Exercises and Study Questions 170 Research Exercises 171 Standards Research Questions 171 CHAPTER 8 Ergonomics 172 Facets of Ergonomics 172 Workplace Musculoskeletal Disorders 176 Affected Industries 179 Ergonomics Standards 179 WMSD Management Programs 182 Ergon

rds Research Questions 171 CHAPTER 8 Ergonomics 172 Facets of Ergonomics 172 Workplace Musculoskeletal Disorders 176 Affected Industries 179 Ergonomics Standards 179 WMSD Management Programs 182 Ergonomic Risk Analysis 184 NIOSH Lifting Equation 185 Sources of Ergonomic Hazards 193 Summary 202 Exercises and Study Questions 203 Research Exercises 204 Standards Research Question 205 CHAPTER 9 Health and Toxic Substances 206 Baseline Examinations 206 Toxic Substances 207 Measures of Exposure 216 Standards Completion Project 220 Detecting Contaminants 222 Summary 229 Exercises and Study Questions 230 Research Exercises 234 Standards Research Questions 235 CHAPTER 10 Environmental Control and Noise 236 Ventilation 236 ASHRAE Standards and Indoor Air Quality 242 Industrial Noise 243 Radiation 260 Summary 260 Exercises and Study Questions 261 Research Exercises 265 Standards Research Questions 265 CHAPTER 11 Flammable and Explosive Materials 267 Flammable Liquids 267 Sources of Ignition 272 Standards Compliance 274 Combustible Liquids 276 Spray Finishing 278

vi Contents Dip Tanks 281 Explosives 281 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 282 Combustible Dust 284 Conclusion 285 Exercises and Study Quest

tandards Compliance 274 Combustible Liquids 276 Spray Finishing 278

vi Contents Dip Tanks 281 Explosives 281 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 282 Combustible Dust 284 Conclusion 285 Exercises and Study Questions 285 Research Exercises 287 Standards Research Questions 288 CHAPTER 12 Personal Protection and First Aid 289 Protection Need Assessment 290 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Training 291 Hearing Protection 292 Determining the Noise Reduction Rating 293 Eye and Face Protection 294 Respiratory Protection 296 Confined Space Entry 309 Head Protection 312 Miscellaneous Personal Protective Equipment 313 First Aid 315 Summary 316 Exercises and Study Questions 317 Research Exercises 319 Standards Research Questions 320 CHAPTER 13 Fire Protection 321 Mechanics of Fire 322 Industrial Fires 322 Fire Prevention 323 Dust Explosions 323 Emergency Evacuation 324 Fire Brigades 326 Fire Extinguishers 327 Standpipe and Hose Systems 329 Automatic Sprinkler Systems 330 Fixed Extinguishing Systems 330 Summary 331 Exercises and Study Questions 332 Research Exercises 334 Standards Research Questions 334 CHAPTER 14 Materials Handling and Storage 335 Materials Storage 336 Industrial Trucks 337 Passenger

ummary 331 Exercises and Study Questions 332 Research Exercises 334 Standards Research Questions 334 CHAPTER 14 Materials Handling and Storage 335 Materials Storage 336 Industrial Trucks 337 Passengers 343 Cranes 344

Contents vii Slings 358 Conveyors 362 Lifting 363 Summary 365 Exercises and Study Questions 365 Research Exercise 368 CHAPTER 15 Machine Guarding 369 General Machine Guarding 369 Safeguarding the Point of Operation 379 Power Presses 386 Heat Processes 406 Grinding Machines 406 Saws 408 Miscellaneous Machine Guarding 413 Miscellaneous Machines and Processes 416 Industrial Robots 417 Evolution in Robotics and Intelligent Machines 420 Summary 421 Exercises and Study Questions 422 Standards Research Questions 425 CHAPTER 16 Welding 426 Process Terminology 426 Gas Welding Hazards 430 Arc Welding Hazards 437 Resistance Welding Hazards 438 Fires and Explosions 439 Eye Protection 441 Protective Clothing 442 Gases and Fumes 443 Summary 446 Exercises and Study Questions 447 Research Exercises 449 Standards Research Questions 450 CHAPTER 17 Electrical Hazards 451 Electrocution Hazards 451 Fire Hazards 464 Arc Flash 469 Test Equipment 471 Exposure to High-Voltage Power Lines 473

ch Exercises 449 Standards Research Questions 450 CHAPTER 17 Electrical Hazards 451 Electrocution Hazards 451 Fire Hazards 464 Arc Flash 469 Test Equipment 471 Exposure to High-Voltage Power Lines 473 Frequent Violations 473 Summary 474 Exercises and Study Questions 475

viii Contents Research Exercises 478 Standards Research Questions 478 CHAPTER 18 Construction 479 General Facilities 480 Personal Protective Equipment 482 Fire Protection 486 Tools 486 Electrical 488 Ladders and Scaffolds 490 Floors and Stairways 493 Cranes and Hoists 493 Heavy Vehicles and Equipment 498 ROPS 498 Trenching and Excavations 501 Concrete Work 505 Steel Erection 507 Demolition 508 Explosive Blasting 509 Electric Utilities 510 Summary 511 Exercises and Study Questions 512 Research Exercises 515 APPENDICES A OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits 516 B Medical Treatment 535 C First-Aid Treatment 536 D Classification of Medical Treatment 538 E Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives 540 F North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code 544 G States Having Federally Approved State Plans for Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Enforcement 548 Bibliography 549 Glossary 560 Index 568

Industry Classification System (NAICS) Code 544 G States Having Federally Approved State Plans for Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Enforcement 548 Bibliography 549 Glossary 560 Index 568

Preface The seventh edition of Industrial Safety and Health Management remains true to the purpose of engaging the reader in the common sense approaches to safety and health from a concept, process, and compliance perspective. The book retains its easy-to-read format while increasing the retention of the reader through additional case studies and statistics, relevant topics, and additional explanation of difficult-to- Understand concepts. Much of the safety change we see comes on the heels of major disasters or social trends and changes. The past decade has seen many. The explosion of a major sugar processing plant has driven a renewed focus on combustible dust, an outbreak of Ebola brought focus on contagious diseases, the sinking of a major oil derrick initiated a discussion on regulatory oversight and process health, and numerous acts of violence bring our attention to security in the workplace. Social trends such as the rise of "gig" or "on-demand" employment have brou

n regulatory oversight and process health, and numerous acts of violence bring our attention to security in the workplace. Social trends such as the rise of "gig" or "on-demand" employment have brought about questions of the definition of an "employee" and coverage for safety nets such as workers’ compensation. Regulatory changes have even precipitated the complete removal of workers’ compensation in some states. In other areas, the effectiveness of workers’ compensation led to a robust dialog on whether or not a permanently injured em­ ployee truly receives compensation commensurate to his or her injury. Meanwhile rises in the number of states legalizing marijuana have caused companies to ques­ tion current drug screening programs and medical treatment programs. Regulation has changed as well. The adoption of the Globally Harmonized System for Hazard Communication or GHS has completely changed the way we think about hazard communication. The new system crosses language barriers and helps workers who may not be able to read or may not be fluent in a given language with a series of pictograms depicting the dangers of certain chemicals. Hazards are now categorized in a st

rs and helps workers who may not be able to read or may not be fluent in a given language with a series of pictograms depicting the dangers of certain chemicals. Hazards are now categorized in a standard way which drives increased consistency of approach. For the first time in nearly 20 years, fines associated with citations have gone up considerably. Meanwhile, record fines have been levied against corporations associated with major disasters. The classification of companies has also been changed to the modernized North America Industry Classification System (NAICS). As the authors have used the text in their classrooms, a critical focus has been on addressing the most common areas that students will be expected to apply in an industrial setting. Additional explanation around the concepts of PELs has been given to help students to understand the differences among PEL’S, Ceilings, and other measures. Calculations around the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) and how it is practically used will help students address the prevalent danger of industrial noise in their work environments. In addition, explained in more detail is sometimes the confusing concept of applying workers

ally used will help students address the prevalent danger of industrial noise in their work environments. In addition, explained in more detail is sometimes the confusing concept of applying workers’ compensation and practical aspects of pro­ tecting employees.

X Preface WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION? For easy reference, the authors have summarized the new features of this edition as follows: • Overhaul of hazard communication standard and incorporation of the Globally Harmonized System • Increased discussion on workers’ compensation rates and calculations • Trends in workers’ compensation privatization and states “opting-out” • Layers of coverage for permanent injuries • Coverage of the trends in the gig economy and the changing nature of employees • OSHA usage of reporting in “Big Data” • Changes in SIC to North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) • Discussion of bloodborne pathogens and protecting workers from diseases such as HIV and Ebola • Increased coverage of workplace security • Discussion of preparation and response techniques for active shooter scenarios • Impact of medical marijuana • Changes in OSHA citation penalty levels • Increased coverage of Targe

orkplace security • Discussion of preparation and response techniques for active shooter scenarios • Impact of medical marijuana • Changes in OSHA citation penalty levels • Increased coverage of Target Industry programs • Coverage of fatigue and worker safety • Practical discussion of PELs, STELs, Ceiling Limits and how they interact • Changes to flammable liquid classification • Coverage of calculations and usage of Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) • Coverage of long-term health impact to World Trade Center first responders • OSHA s work against the dangers of combustible dust • Additional practical and pragmatic assessment of penalty levels • Additional review of OSHA programs such as SHARP and VPP as OSHA is increasing its collaborative approach in recent years • Additional case studies to bring home to readers about the concepts of safety and health

Preface xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Both authors wish to express their appreciation to companies and individuals who have contributed ideas and support for the seventh edition. Special thanks to Richard Wallace, Jimmy Baker, and the entire team at Pratt & Whitney for ideas, pictures, and best practices from their world-class facility. And

d support for the seventh edition. Special thanks to Richard Wallace, Jimmy Baker, and the entire team at Pratt & Whitney for ideas, pictures, and best practices from their world-class facility. Andrew Hilliard, President of Safety Maker, Inc. and E.C. Daven, President of Safety Services, Inc. provided valuable insights and visual examples. Erica Asfahl provided mechanical engineering advice. David Trigg and David Bryan answered questions and provided data on OSHA developments. We are grateful to Ken Kolosh and the team at the National Safety Council for their statistics provided in many areas of the text. Tara Mercer and the National Council on Compensation Insurance shared valuable insights into trends and developments such as the gig economy and the impact of medical marijuana. We learned from Alejandra Nolibos about developments in state workers’ compensation changes. Finally, we dedicate this edition to our patient and supportive families who have endured the process of bringing forth this seventh edition. C. Ray Asfahl David W. Rieske