diff --git a/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-review/+page.svelte b/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-review/+page.svelte
index 99565cb..55a8aaf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-review/+page.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-review/+page.svelte
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
     <EmptyState title="검수할 카드가 없습니다" description="새 문제를 풀면 AI가 암기카드를 추출해 여기에 쌓입니다." icon={CheckCheck} />
   {:else}
     <div class="space-y-5">
-      {#each shownGroups as g (g.source_question_id)}
+      {#each shownGroups as g (g.source_question_id ?? g.question_text)}
         <div class="rounded-card border border-default bg-bg/40 p-3">
           <!-- 출처 문제 -->
           <div class="mb-3 flex items-start gap-2 rounded-lg border border-default bg-surface px-3 py-2">
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
               <div class="text-sm text-text">{g.question_text}</div>
               {#if g.correct_choice}<div class="mt-0.5 text-xs text-accent">사용자 정답: {g.correct_choice}번</div>{/if}
             </div>
-            {#if g.cards.length > 1}
+            {#if g.cards.length > 1 && g.source_question_id != null}
               <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" icon={CheckCheck} onclick={() => approveGroup(g.source_question_id, g.cards.length)}>{g.cards.length}장 승인</Button>
             {/if}
           </div>