diff --git a/app/api/library.py b/app/api/library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781e24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/api/library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+"""자료실 분류 체계 CRUD API — /api/library"""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import func, select
+from sqlalchemy import text as sql_text
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from core.auth import get_current_user
+from core.database import get_session
+from core.library import LIBRARY_PREFIX, MAX_DEPTH, normalize_library_path
+from models.category import LibraryCategory
+from models.document import Document
+from models.user import User
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+# ─── 스키마 ───
+
+
+class CategoryCreate(BaseModel):
+    path: str
+
+
+class CategoryRename(BaseModel):
+    path: str
+    new_name: str
+
+
+class CategoryResponse(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    path: str
+    name: str
+    parent_path: str | None
+    depth: int
+    is_system: bool
+    created_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
+
+    model_config = {"from_attributes": True}
+
+
+class CategoryTreeNode(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    path: str
+    count: int
+    is_category: bool
+    is_system: bool
+    has_children: bool
+    children: list["CategoryTreeNode"]
+
+
+# ─── 엔드포인트 ───
+
+
+@router.get("/categories", response_model=list[CategoryResponse])
+async def list_categories(
+    user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
+    session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)],
+):
+    """전체 카테고리 flat 목록 (path 순)"""
+    result = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory).order_by(LibraryCategory.path)
+    )
+    return [CategoryResponse.model_validate(c) for c in result.scalars().all()]
+
+
+@router.post("/categories", response_model=CategoryResponse, status_code=201)
+async def create_category(
+    body: CategoryCreate,
+    user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
+    session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)],
+):
+    """카테고리 생성 (조상 자동 생성 포함)"""
+    try:
+        normalized = normalize_library_path(body.path)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+
+    segments = normalized.split("/")
+    if len(segments) > MAX_DEPTH:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"최대 {MAX_DEPTH}단계까지 가능")
+
+    # 중복 검사
+    existing = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory).where(LibraryCategory.path == normalized)
+    )
+    if existing.scalar_one_or_none():
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="이미 존재하는 분류 경로")
+
+    # 조상 자동 생성
+    for i in range(1, len(segments)):
+        ancestor_path = "/".join(segments[:i])
+        ancestor_name = segments[i - 1]
+        ancestor_parent = "/".join(segments[: i - 1]) or None
+        exists = await session.execute(
+            select(LibraryCategory.id).where(
+                LibraryCategory.path == ancestor_path
+            )
+        )
+        if not exists.scalar_one_or_none():
+            session.add(LibraryCategory(
+                path=ancestor_path,
+                name=ancestor_name,
+                parent_path=ancestor_parent,
+                depth=i,
+            ))
+
+    # 본 카테고리 생성
+    category = LibraryCategory(
+        path=normalized,
+        name=segments[-1],
+        parent_path="/".join(segments[:-1]) or None,
+        depth=len(segments),
+    )
+    session.add(category)
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(category)
+
+    return CategoryResponse.model_validate(category)
+
+
+@router.patch("/categories", response_model=CategoryResponse)
+async def rename_category(
+    body: CategoryRename,
+    user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
+    session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)],
+):
+    """카테고리 이름 변경 (leaf only, path 기반 식별)"""
+    # 카테고리 조회
+    result = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory).where(LibraryCategory.path == body.path)
+    )
+    category = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not category:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="분류를 찾을 수 없습니다")
+
+    # 시스템 분류 보호
+    if category.is_system:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="시스템 분류는 변경할 수 없습니다")
+
+    # leaf 검사
+    children = await session.execute(
+        select(func.count()).where(
+            LibraryCategory.parent_path == category.path
+        )
+    )
+    if children.scalar() > 0:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=422, detail="하위 분류가 있어 이름을 변경할 수 없습니다"
+        )
+
+    # new_name 검증
+    new_name = body.new_name.strip()
+    if not new_name:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="빈 이름")
+    if len(new_name) > 30:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="이름은 30자 이하")
+
+    # 새 path 계산
+    new_path = (
+        f"{category.parent_path}/{new_name}" if category.parent_path else new_name
+    )
+
+    # 중복 검사
+    dup = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory.id).where(LibraryCategory.path == new_path)
+    )
+    if dup.scalar_one_or_none():
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="같은 이름의 분류가 이미 존재합니다")
+
+    old_tag = f"{LIBRARY_PREFIX}{category.path}"
+    new_tag = f"{LIBRARY_PREFIX}{new_path}"
+
+    # 문서 태그 갱신
+    await session.execute(
+        sql_text("""
+            UPDATE documents
+            SET user_tags = COALESCE((
+                SELECT jsonb_agg(
+                    CASE WHEN elem = :old_tag THEN :new_tag ELSE elem END
+                )
+                FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(
+                    COALESCE(user_tags, '[]'::jsonb)
+                ) AS elem
+            ), '[]'::jsonb)
+            WHERE user_tags @> :old_tag_jsonb
+        """).bindparams(
+            old_tag=old_tag,
+            new_tag=new_tag,
+            old_tag_jsonb=f'["{old_tag}"]',
+        )
+    )
+
+    # 카테고리 row 갱신 (path, name만. parent_path 유지)
+    category.path = new_path
+    category.name = new_name
+    await session.commit()
+    await session.refresh(category)
+
+    return CategoryResponse.model_validate(category)
+
+
+@router.delete("/categories", status_code=204)
+async def delete_category(
+    path: str = Query(..., description="삭제할 카테고리 경로"),
+    user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] = None,
+    session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)] = None,
+):
+    """카테고리 삭제 (leaf only, 문서 없는 경우만)"""
+    result = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory).where(LibraryCategory.path == path)
+    )
+    category = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not category:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="분류를 찾을 수 없습니다")
+
+    if category.is_system:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="시스템 분류는 삭제할 수 없습니다")
+
+    # leaf 검사
+    children = await session.execute(
+        select(func.count()).where(
+            LibraryCategory.parent_path == category.path
+        )
+    )
+    if children.scalar() > 0:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=422, detail="하위 분류가 있어 삭제할 수 없습니다"
+        )
+
+    # 문서 연결 검사
+    tag = f"{LIBRARY_PREFIX}{category.path}"
+    doc_count = await session.execute(
+        sql_text("""
+            SELECT COUNT(*) FROM documents
+            WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
+              AND EXISTS (
+                  SELECT 1 FROM jsonb_array_elements_text(
+                      COALESCE(user_tags, '[]'::jsonb)
+                  ) AS t
+                  WHERE t = :tag
+              )
+        """).bindparams(tag=tag)
+    )
+    if doc_count.scalar() > 0:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=422,
+            detail="이 분류에 속한 문서가 있어 삭제할 수 없습니다. 문서를 먼저 이동하세요.",
+        )
+
+    await session.delete(category)
+    await session.commit()
+
+
+@router.get("/tree", response_model=list[CategoryTreeNode])
+async def get_library_tree(
+    user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
+    session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)],
+):
+    """카테고리 저장소 + 문서 태그 count 머지 트리"""
+
+    # 1. 카테고리 전체 fetch
+    cat_result = await session.execute(
+        select(LibraryCategory).order_by(LibraryCategory.path)
+    )
+    categories = cat_result.scalars().all()
+
+    # path → category 매핑
+    cat_map: dict[str, LibraryCategory] = {c.path: c for c in categories}
+
+    # 2. 문서 태그에서 doc count 집계
+    doc_result = await session.execute(
+        select(Document.id, Document.user_tags).where(
+            Document.deleted_at == None,  # noqa: E711
+            Document.user_tags != None,  # noqa: E711
+        )
+    )
+
+    # path → set of doc_ids
+    path_docs: dict[str, set[int]] = {}
+    for doc_id, tags in doc_result:
+        if not tags:
+            continue
+        seen_ancestors: set[str] = set()
+        for tag in tags:
+            if not isinstance(tag, str) or not tag.startswith(LIBRARY_PREFIX):
+                continue
+            path = tag[len(LIBRARY_PREFIX):]
+            parts = path.split("/")
+            for i in range(1, len(parts) + 1):
+                ancestor = "/".join(parts[:i])
+                if ancestor not in seen_ancestors:
+                    path_docs.setdefault(ancestor, set()).add(doc_id)
+                    seen_ancestors.add(ancestor)
+
+    # 3. 모든 path 합산 (카테고리 + 태그)
+    all_paths = set(cat_map.keys()) | set(path_docs.keys())
+
+    # 4. 트리 구축
+    root: dict = {}
+    for p in sorted(all_paths):
+        parts = p.split("/")
+        node = root
+        for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+            if part not in node:
+                node[part] = {"_children": {}}
+            node = node[part]["_children"] if i < len(parts) - 1 else node[part]
+
+    def build_tree(d: dict, prefix: str = "") -> list[dict]:
+        nodes = []
+        for name, data in sorted(d.items()):
+            if name.startswith("_"):
+                continue
+            path = f"{prefix}/{name}" if prefix else name
+            children_dict = data.get("_children", {})
+            children = build_tree(children_dict, path)
+            cat = cat_map.get(path)
+            nodes.append(CategoryTreeNode(
+                name=name,
+                path=path,
+                count=len(path_docs.get(path, set())),
+                is_category=path in cat_map,
+                is_system=cat.is_system if cat else False,
+                has_children=len(children) > 0,
+                children=children,
+            ))
+        return nodes
+
+    return build_tree(root)
diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py
index fe40f9f..4980042 100644
--- a/app/main.py
+++ b/app/main.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from api.auth import router as auth_router
 from api.dashboard import router as dashboard_router
 from api.digest import router as digest_router
 from api.documents import router as documents_router
+from api.library import router as library_router
 from api.memos import router as memos_router
 from api.news import router as news_router
 from api.search import router as search_router
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ app.include_router(search_router, prefix="/api/search", tags=["search"])
 
 app.include_router(memos_router, prefix="/api/memos", tags=["memos"])
 app.include_router(dashboard_router, prefix="/api/dashboard", tags=["dashboard"])
+app.include_router(library_router, prefix="/api/library", tags=["library"])
 app.include_router(news_router, prefix="/api/news", tags=["news"])
 app.include_router(digest_router, prefix="/api/digest", tags=["digest"])
 
diff --git a/app/models/category.py b/app/models/category.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14716c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/category.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""library_categories 테이블 ORM — 자료실 분류 체계 독립 관리"""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import BigInteger, Boolean, DateTime, Integer, Text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from core.database import Base
+
+
+class LibraryCategory(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "library_categories"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True)
+    path: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, unique=True, nullable=False)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    parent_path: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    depth: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=False, default=1)
+    is_system: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), default=datetime.now
+    )
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), default=datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.now
+    )
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/editors/LibraryPathEditor.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/editors/LibraryPathEditor.svelte
index ffcf8fe..e155d94 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/editors/LibraryPathEditor.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/editors/LibraryPathEditor.svelte
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
   let editing = $state(false);
   let existingPaths = $state([]);
   let showSuggestions = $state(false);
+  let showCategoryPicker = $state(false);
+  let categoryFilter = $state('');
 
   let suggestions = $derived(
     newPath.length >= 1
@@ -30,6 +32,14 @@
       : []
   );
 
+  let filteredCategories = $derived(
+    categoryFilter
+      ? existingPaths.filter(
+          (p) => p.toLowerCase().includes(categoryFilter.toLowerCase()) && !libraryPaths.includes(p)
+        )
+      : existingPaths.filter((p) => !libraryPaths.includes(p))
+  );
+
   // 입력 정규화 미리보기
   let normalizedPreview = $derived(() => {
     try {
@@ -48,23 +58,13 @@
 
   onMount(async () => {
     try {
-      const tree = await api('/documents/library-tree');
-      existingPaths = flattenPaths(tree);
+      const categories = await api('/library/categories');
+      existingPaths = categories.map((c) => c.path);
     } catch {
       /* 자동완성 실패해도 입력은 가능 */
     }
   });
 
-  function flattenPaths(nodes, prefix = '') {
-    let paths = [];
-    for (const n of nodes) {
-      const p = prefix ? `${prefix}/${n.name}` : n.name;
-      paths.push(p);
-      if (n.children?.length) paths.push(...flattenPaths(n.children, p));
-    }
-    return paths;
-  }
-
   function normalizePath(raw) {
     const stripped = raw.trim().replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '');
     if (!stripped) throw new Error('빈 경로');
@@ -205,12 +205,45 @@
       {/if}
     </div>
   {:else}
-    <button
-      type="button"
-      onclick={() => (editing = true)}
-      class="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-dim hover:text-accent"
-    >
-      <Plus size={12} /> 경로 추가
-    </button>
+    <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        onclick={() => (showCategoryPicker = !showCategoryPicker)}
+        class="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-dim hover:text-accent"
+      >
+        <Plus size={12} /> 분류 선택
+      </button>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        onclick={() => (editing = true)}
+        class="text-[10px] text-faint hover:text-dim"
+      >
+        직접 입력
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  {/if}
+
+  <!-- 카테고리 선택기 -->
+  {#if showCategoryPicker}
+    <div class="mt-1.5 border border-default rounded bg-surface max-h-48 overflow-y-auto">
+      <input
+        bind:value={categoryFilter}
+        placeholder="분류 검색..."
+        class="w-full px-2 py-1.5 bg-bg border-b border-default text-xs text-text outline-none focus:border-accent sticky top-0"
+      />
+      {#if filteredCategories.length === 0}
+        <p class="px-2 py-2 text-[10px] text-faint">일치하는 분류 없음</p>
+      {:else}
+        {#each filteredCategories as path}
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            onclick={() => { addPath(path); showCategoryPicker = false; categoryFilter = ''; }}
+            class="w-full text-left px-2 py-1.5 text-xs text-dim hover:bg-surface-hover hover:text-text"
+          >
+            {path}
+          </button>
+        {/each}
+      {/if}
+    </div>
   {/if}
 </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/routes/library/+page.svelte b/frontend/src/routes/library/+page.svelte
index afd35a9..7e1a8f4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/routes/library/+page.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/routes/library/+page.svelte
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <script>
-  // 자료실 — 태그 기반 트리 문서 관리
+  // 자료실 — 분류 체계 + 트리 문서 관리
   import { onMount } from 'svelte';
   import { page } from '$app/stores';
   import { goto } from '$app/navigation';
   import { api, getAccessToken } from '$lib/api';
   import { addToast } from '$lib/stores/toast';
+  import { ui } from '$lib/stores/uiState.svelte';
   import {
     ChevronRight,
     ChevronDown,
@@ -13,11 +14,18 @@
     Download,
     FileText,
     Upload,
+    Plus,
+    MoreHorizontal,
+    FolderPlus,
+    Pencil,
+    Trash2,
   } from 'lucide-svelte';
   import DocumentCard from '$lib/components/DocumentCard.svelte';
   import FormatIcon from '$lib/components/FormatIcon.svelte';
   import Button from '$lib/components/ui/Button.svelte';
   import EmptyState from '$lib/components/ui/EmptyState.svelte';
+  import Modal from '$lib/components/ui/Modal.svelte';
+  import ConfirmDialog from '$lib/components/ui/ConfirmDialog.svelte';
   import Skeleton from '$lib/components/ui/Skeleton.svelte';
 
   // ─── 상태 ───
@@ -43,13 +51,31 @@
 
   const ODF_FORMATS = ['ods', 'odt', 'odp', 'odoc', 'osheet'];
   const DEFAULT_LIBRARY_PATH = '미분류';
+  const MAX_DEPTH = 5;
+
+  // ─── 카테고리 CRUD 상태 ───
+
+  let addParentPath = $state(null);
+  let newCategoryName = $state('');
+  let addLoading = $state(false);
+
+  let renameTarget = $state(null); // { path, name }
+  let renameValue = $state('');
+  let renameLoading = $state(false);
+
+  let deleteTarget = $state(null); // { path, name }
+
+  // 컨텍스트 메뉴
+  let contextNode = $state(null);
+  let showContextMenu = $state(false);
+  let contextPos = $state({ x: 0, y: 0 });
 
   // ─── 데이터 로드 ───
 
   async function loadTree() {
     treeLoading = true;
     try {
-      tree = await api('/documents/library-tree');
+      tree = await api('/library/tree');
     } catch {
       addToast('error', '자료실 트리 로딩 실패');
     } finally {
@@ -217,6 +243,108 @@
     }
   }
 
+  // ─── 카테고리 CRUD ───
+
+  function openContextMenu(e, node) {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    contextNode = node;
+    contextPos = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY };
+    showContextMenu = true;
+  }
+
+  function closeContextMenu() {
+    showContextMenu = false;
+    contextNode = null;
+  }
+
+  function openAddCategory(parentPath) {
+    addParentPath = parentPath;
+    newCategoryName = '';
+    closeContextMenu();
+    ui.openModal('add-category');
+  }
+
+  function openRenameCategory(node) {
+    renameTarget = { path: node.path, name: node.name };
+    renameValue = node.name;
+    closeContextMenu();
+    ui.openModal('rename-category');
+  }
+
+  function openDeleteCategory(node) {
+    deleteTarget = { path: node.path, name: node.name };
+    closeContextMenu();
+    ui.openModal('delete-category');
+  }
+
+  async function createCategory() {
+    const name = newCategoryName.trim();
+    if (!name) return;
+    const fullPath = addParentPath ? `${addParentPath}/${name}` : name;
+    addLoading = true;
+    try {
+      await api('/library/categories', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ path: fullPath }),
+      });
+      addToast('success', `"${name}" 분류 생성됨`);
+      ui.closeModal('add-category');
+      loadTree();
+    } catch (err) {
+      addToast('error', err?.detail || '분류 생성 실패');
+    } finally {
+      addLoading = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function renameCategory() {
+    const name = renameValue.trim();
+    if (!name || !renameTarget) return;
+    renameLoading = true;
+    try {
+      const result = await api('/library/categories', {
+        method: 'PATCH',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ path: renameTarget.path, new_name: name }),
+      });
+      addToast('success', `"${renameTarget.name}" → "${name}" 변경됨`);
+      ui.closeModal('rename-category');
+      // 현재 선택 경로가 변경된 경우 URL 갱신
+      if (activePath === renameTarget.path) {
+        navigate(result.path);
+      }
+      loadTree();
+      loadDocs();
+    } catch (err) {
+      addToast('error', err?.detail || '이름 변경 실패');
+    } finally {
+      renameLoading = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function deleteCategory() {
+    if (!deleteTarget) return;
+    try {
+      await api(`/library/categories?path=${encodeURIComponent(deleteTarget.path)}`, {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+      });
+      addToast('success', `"${deleteTarget.name}" 분류 삭제됨`);
+      ui.closeModal('delete-category');
+      if (activePath === deleteTarget.path) {
+        navigate(null);
+      }
+      loadTree();
+    } catch (err) {
+      addToast('error', err?.detail || '삭제 실패');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 전역 클릭으로 컨텍스트 메뉴 닫기
+  onMount(() => {
+    function onClickOutside() { showContextMenu = false; }
+    window.addEventListener('click', onClickOutside);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('click', onClickOutside);
+  });
+
   // ─── 검색 debounce ───
 
   let searchInput = $state(activeQ);
@@ -258,20 +386,29 @@
       <div class="bg-surface border border-default rounded-card p-3">
         <h2 class="text-xs font-semibold text-dim uppercase tracking-wider mb-2">분류</h2>
 
-        <!-- 전체 -->
-        <button
-          onclick={() => navigate(null)}
-          class="w-full flex items-center justify-between px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors mb-1
-            {!activePath ? 'bg-accent/15 text-accent' : 'text-text hover:bg-surface-hover'}"
-        >
-          <span class="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <FolderOpen size={16} />
-            전체
-          </span>
-          {#if totalCount > 0}
-            <span class="text-xs text-dim">{totalCount}</span>
-          {/if}
-        </button>
+        <!-- 전체 + 새 분류 버튼 -->
+        <div class="flex items-center mb-1">
+          <button
+            onclick={() => navigate(null)}
+            class="flex-1 flex items-center justify-between px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-sm transition-colors
+              {!activePath ? 'bg-accent/15 text-accent' : 'text-text hover:bg-surface-hover'}"
+          >
+            <span class="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <FolderOpen size={16} />
+              전체
+            </span>
+            {#if totalCount > 0}
+              <span class="text-xs text-dim">{totalCount}</span>
+            {/if}
+          </button>
+          <button
+            onclick={() => openAddCategory(null)}
+            class="p-1.5 rounded hover:bg-surface-hover text-dim hover:text-accent ml-1"
+            title="새 분류 추가"
+          >
+            <Plus size={14} />
+          </button>
+        </div>
 
         <!-- 트리 -->
         {#if treeLoading}
@@ -289,10 +426,11 @@
               {#snippet treeNode(n, depth)}
                 {@const isActive = activePath === n.path}
                 {@const isParent = activePath?.startsWith(n.path + '/')}
-                {@const hasChildren = n.children.length > 0}
+                {@const hasChildren = n.has_children || n.children.length > 0}
                 {@const isExpanded = expanded[n.path]}
+                {@const nodeDepth = n.path.split('/').length}
 
-                <div class="flex items-center" style="padding-left: {depth * 16}px">
+                <div class="group flex items-center" style="padding-left: {depth * 16}px">
                   {#if hasChildren}
                     <button
                       onclick={() => toggleExpand(n.path)}
@@ -320,6 +458,15 @@
                     <span class="truncate">{n.name}</span>
                     <span class="text-xs text-dim shrink-0 ml-2">{n.count}</span>
                   </button>
+
+                  <!-- 카테고리 액션 메뉴 -->
+                  <button
+                    onclick={(e) => openContextMenu(e, n)}
+                    class="p-0.5 rounded hover:bg-surface-hover text-dim opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity"
+                    title="분류 관리"
+                  >
+                    <MoreHorizontal size={14} />
+                  </button>
                 </div>
 
                 {#if hasChildren && isExpanded}
@@ -491,6 +638,100 @@
   </div>
 </div>
 
+<!-- 컨텍스트 메뉴 -->
+{#if showContextMenu && contextNode}
+  {@const cn = contextNode}
+  {@const cnDepth = cn.path.split('/').length}
+  <div
+    class="fixed z-50 bg-surface border border-default rounded-lg shadow-xl py-1 min-w-[160px]"
+    style="left: {contextPos.x}px; top: {contextPos.y}px"
+    onclick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+  >
+    {#if cnDepth < MAX_DEPTH}
+      <button
+        onclick={() => openAddCategory(cn.path)}
+        class="w-full text-left px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-text hover:bg-surface-hover flex items-center gap-2"
+      >
+        <FolderPlus size={12} /> 하위 분류 추가
+      </button>
+    {/if}
+    {#if cn.is_category && !cn.is_system && !cn.has_children}
+      <button
+        onclick={() => openRenameCategory(cn)}
+        class="w-full text-left px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-text hover:bg-surface-hover flex items-center gap-2"
+      >
+        <Pencil size={12} /> 이름 변경
+      </button>
+    {/if}
+    {#if cn.is_category && !cn.is_system && !cn.has_children && cn.count === 0}
+      <button
+        onclick={() => openDeleteCategory(cn)}
+        class="w-full text-left px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-error hover:bg-surface-hover flex items-center gap-2"
+      >
+        <Trash2 size={12} /> 삭제
+      </button>
+    {/if}
+    {#if cn.is_system || cn.has_children}
+      <p class="px-3 py-1.5 text-[10px] text-faint">
+        {cn.is_system ? '시스템 분류' : '하위 분류 있음'}
+      </p>
+    {/if}
+  </div>
+{/if}
+
+<!-- 분류 추가 모달 -->
+<Modal id="add-category" title={addParentPath ? `"${addParentPath}" 하위 분류 추가` : '새 분류 추가'} size="sm">
+  <form onsubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); createCategory(); }}>
+    <label class="block text-xs text-dim mb-1">분류 이름</label>
+    <input
+      bind:value={newCategoryName}
+      placeholder="분류 이름 입력"
+      class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-bg border border-default rounded text-sm text-text outline-none focus:border-accent"
+      autofocus
+    />
+    {#if addParentPath}
+      <p class="text-[10px] text-faint mt-1">경로: {addParentPath}/{newCategoryName || '...'}</p>
+    {/if}
+  </form>
+  {#snippet footer()}
+    <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onclick={() => ui.closeModal('add-category')}>취소</Button>
+    <Button variant="primary" size="sm" onclick={createCategory} disabled={!newCategoryName.trim() || addLoading}>
+      {addLoading ? '생성 중...' : '생성'}
+    </Button>
+  {/snippet}
+</Modal>
+
+<!-- 이름 변경 모달 -->
+<Modal id="rename-category" title="분류 이름 변경" size="sm">
+  <form onsubmit={(e) => { e.preventDefault(); renameCategory(); }}>
+    <label class="block text-xs text-dim mb-1">새 이름</label>
+    <input
+      bind:value={renameValue}
+      placeholder="새 이름 입력"
+      class="w-full px-3 py-2 bg-bg border border-default rounded text-sm text-text outline-none focus:border-accent"
+      autofocus
+    />
+    {#if renameTarget}
+      <p class="text-[10px] text-faint mt-1">현재: {renameTarget.name}</p>
+    {/if}
+  </form>
+  {#snippet footer()}
+    <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onclick={() => ui.closeModal('rename-category')}>취소</Button>
+    <Button variant="primary" size="sm" onclick={renameCategory} disabled={!renameValue.trim() || renameLoading}>
+      {renameLoading ? '변경 중...' : '변경'}
+    </Button>
+  {/snippet}
+</Modal>
+
+<!-- 삭제 확인 다이얼로그 -->
+<ConfirmDialog
+  id="delete-category"
+  title="분류 삭제"
+  message={deleteTarget ? `"${deleteTarget.name}" 분류를 삭제하시겠습니까?` : ''}
+  tone="danger"
+  onconfirm={deleteCategory}
+/>
+
 <!-- 드래그 업로드 오버레이 -->
 {#if dragging}
   <div class="fixed inset-0 z-50 bg-accent/10 border-2 border-dashed border-accent flex items-center justify-center">
diff --git a/migrations/120_library_categories.sql b/migrations/120_library_categories.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f67c0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/120_library_categories.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- 자료실 분류 독립 관리 테이블
+CREATE TABLE library_categories (
+    id          BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    path        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    parent_path TEXT,
+    depth       INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    is_system   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uq_library_categories_path ON library_categories (path);
+CREATE INDEX idx_library_categories_parent ON library_categories (parent_path);
+
+-- 시스템 분류: 미분류
+INSERT INTO library_categories (path, name, parent_path, depth, is_system)
+VALUES ('미분류', '미분류', NULL, 1, TRUE);