diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/api.ts b/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
index 1b71f89..59014dc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/api.ts
@@ -101,8 +101,9 @@ export async function api<T = unknown>(
     credentials: 'include',
   });
 
-  // 401 → refresh 1회 시도
-  if (res.status === 401 && accessToken) {
+  // 401 → refresh 1회 시도 (로그인/리프레시 엔드포인트는 제외)
+  const isAuthEndpoint = path.startsWith('/auth/login') || path.startsWith('/auth/refresh');
+  if (res.status === 401 && accessToken && !isAuthEndpoint) {
     try {
       await handleTokenRefresh();
       headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${accessToken}`;
@@ -113,11 +114,12 @@ export async function api<T = unknown>(
       });
       if (!retryRes.ok) {
         const err = await retryRes.json().catch(() => ({ detail: 'Unknown error' }));
-        throw { status: retryRes.status, detail: err.detail || retryRes.statusText };
+        throw { status: retryRes.status, detail: err.detail || retryRes.statusText } as ApiError;
       }
       return retryRes.json();
-    } catch {
-      throw { status: 401, detail: '인증이 만료되었습니다' };
+    } catch (e) {
+      if ((e as ApiError).detail) throw e;
+      throw { status: 401, detail: '인증이 만료되었습니다' } as ApiError;
     }
   }