diff --git a/app/api/study_cards.py b/app/api/study_cards.py
index 96bb65d..37f9aa1 100644
--- a/app/api/study_cards.py
+++ b/app/api/study_cards.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from typing import Annotated
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from sqlalchemy import func, or_, select, update
+from sqlalchemy import and_, func, or_, select, update
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
@@ -261,24 +261,31 @@ async def due_cards(
     session: Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_session)],
     limit: Annotated[int, Query(ge=1, le=200)] = 30,
 ):
-    """오늘 복습할 카드 (due_at<=now, stage<4, 검수 통과만). due_at 오름차순."""
+    """오늘 복습할 카드 (검수 통과만). 두 부류:
+      - 신규 승인 카드(progress 없음=첫 회상 전) — SR 큐 진입 경로(첫 회상). '암'이면 due 안
+        박고 종료('큐 폭발 방지'), 애매/모름이면 평가 즉시 due(내일)로 입고.
+      - 예정 due 카드(due_at<=now, stage<4).
+    progress 는 user+card UNIQUE 라 outer join 으로 최대 1행. 예정 due 먼저, 신규(due NULL) 뒤로."""
     now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    P = StudyMemoCardProgress
     rows = (
         await session.execute(
-            select(StudyMemoCard, StudyMemoCardProgress.review_stage)
-            .join(StudyMemoCardProgress, StudyMemoCardProgress.card_id == StudyMemoCard.id)
+            select(StudyMemoCard, P.review_stage)
+            .outerjoin(P, and_(P.card_id == StudyMemoCard.id, P.user_id == user.id))
             .where(
                 StudyMemoCard.user_id == user.id,
                 StudyMemoCard.deleted_at.is_(None),
                 StudyMemoCard.needs_review.is_(False),
-                StudyMemoCardProgress.due_at.is_not(None),
-                StudyMemoCardProgress.due_at <= now,
                 or_(
-                    StudyMemoCardProgress.review_stage.is_(None),
-                    StudyMemoCardProgress.review_stage < 4,
+                    P.id.is_(None),  # 신규(첫 회상 전) — progress 미생성
+                    and_(
+                        P.due_at.is_not(None),
+                        P.due_at <= now,
+                        or_(P.review_stage.is_(None), P.review_stage < 4),
+                    ),
                 ),
             )
-            .order_by(StudyMemoCardProgress.due_at.asc())
+            .order_by(P.due_at.asc().nulls_last(), StudyMemoCard.id.asc())
             .limit(limit)
         )
     ).all()
diff --git a/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-study/+page.svelte b/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-study/+page.svelte
index 8639d21..95bd3aa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-study/+page.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/routes/study/cards-study/+page.svelte
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@
   import EmptyState from '$lib/components/ui/EmptyState.svelte';
 
   // sr_schedule.py 단일 source 미러 — '암'(correct) 다음 복습일 라벨 전용(실제 스케줄은 백엔드).
+  // stage===null = 신규 카드(progress 없음): '암'이면 백엔드가 due 안 박음(외움→큐 제외)이라 '안 나옴'.
   const REVIEW_INTERVAL_DAYS = { 1: 3, 2: 7, 3: 14 };
   function correctLabel(stage) {
-    const ns = (stage ?? 0) + 1;
+    if (stage === null || stage === undefined) return '안 나옴';
+    const ns = stage + 1;
     if (ns >= 4) return '졸업';
     return `+${REVIEW_INTERVAL_DAYS[ns]}일`;
   }